Elephantiasis of non-filarial origin (podoconiosis) in the highlands of north-western Cameroon
Identifieur interne : 006F96 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 006F95; suivant : 006F97Elephantiasis of non-filarial origin (podoconiosis) in the highlands of north-western Cameroon
Auteurs : S. Wanji [Cameroun] ; N. Tendongfor [Cameroun] ; M. Esum [Cameroun] ; J. N. Che [Cameroun] ; S. Mand [Allemagne] ; C. Tanga Mbi [Cameroun] ; P. Enyong [Cameroun] ; A. Hoerauf [Allemagne]Source :
- Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology [ 0003-4983 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Anopheles (parasitologie), Antigènes d'helminthe (sang), Cameroun (épidémiologie), Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé, Femelle, Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Maladies du pied (parasitologie), Maladies du pied (épidémiologie), Microfilaria (parasitologie), Mâle, Population rurale, Test ELISA, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolement et purification), Éléphantiasis (parasitologie), Éléphantiasis (sang), Éléphantiasis (épidémiologie), Études transversales.
- MESH :
- immunologie : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolement et purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitologie : Anopheles, Filariose lymphatique, Maladies du pied, Microfilaria, Éléphantiasis.
- sang : Antigènes d'helminthe, Éléphantiasis.
- épidémiologie : Cameroun, Filariose lymphatique, Maladies du pied, Éléphantiasis.
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Anopheles (parasitology), Antigens, Helminth (blood), Cameroon, Cameroon (epidemiology), Cross-Sectional Studies, Elephantiasis, Elephantiasis (blood), Elephantiasis (epidemiology), Elephantiasis (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Foot Diseases (epidemiology), Foot Diseases (parasitology), Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Lymphedema, Male, Microfilariae (parasitology), Middle Aged, Mountain, Northwest, Podoconiosis, Rural Population, Tropical medicine, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology), Wuchereria bancrofti (isolation & purification).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antigens, Helminth.
- blood : Elephantiasis.
- epidemiology : Cameroon, Elephantiasis, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Foot Diseases.
- immunology : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolation & purification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitology : Anopheles, Elephantiasis, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Foot Diseases, Microfilariae.
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rural Population.
Abstract
Lymphoedema, a condition of localized fluid retention, results from a compromised lymphatic system. Although one common cause in the tropics is infection with filarial worms, non-filarial lymphoedema, also known as podoconiosis, has been reported among barefoot farmers in volcanic highland zones of Africa, Central and South America and north-western India. There are conflicting reports on the causes of lymphoedema in the highland regions of Cameroon, where the condition is of great public-health importance. To characterise the focus of lymphoedema in the highlands of the North West province of Cameroon and investigate its real causes, a cross-sectional study was carried out on the adults (aged ≥15 years) living in the communities that fall within the Ndop and Tubah health districts. The subjects, who had to have lived in the study area for at least 10 years, were interviewed, examined clinically, and, when possible, checked for microfilaraemia. The cases of lymphoedema confirmed by ultrasonography and a random sample of the other subjects were also tested for filarial antigenaemia. The interviews, which explored knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) relating to lymphoedema, revealed that the condition was well known, with each study community having a local name for it. Of the 834 individuals examined clinically, 66 (8.1%) had lymphoedema of the lower limb, with all the clinical stages of this condition represented. None of the 792 individuals examined parasitologically, however, had microfilariae of W. bancrofti (or any other filarial parasite) in their peripheral blood, and only one (0.25%) of the 399 individuals tested for the circulating antigens of W. bancrofti gave a positive result. In addition, none of the 504 mosquitoes caught landing on human bait in the study area and dissected was found to harbour any stage of W. bancrofti. These findings indicate that the elephantiasis seen in the North West province of Cameroon is of non-filarial origin.
Affiliations:
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Wanji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tendongfor, N" sort="Tendongfor, N" uniqKey="Tendongfor N" first="N." last="Tendongfor">N. Tendongfor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esum, M" sort="Esum, M" uniqKey="Esum M" first="M." last="Esum">M. Esum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Che, J N" sort="Che, J N" uniqKey="Che J" first="J. N." last="Che">J. N. Che</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" sort="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S" first="S." last="Mand">S. Mand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25</s1><s2>53105 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanga Mbi, C" sort="Tanga Mbi, C" uniqKey="Tanga Mbi C" first="C." last="Tanga Mbi">C. Tanga Mbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enyong, P" sort="Enyong, P" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="P." last="Enyong">P. Enyong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474</s1><s2>Buea</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Tropical Medicine Research Station, P.O. Box 55</s1><s2>Kumba</s2><s3>CMR</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Cameroun</country><wicri:noRegion>Kumba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" sort="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="A." last="Hoerauf">A. Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25</s1><s2>53105 Bonn</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Ann. trop. med. parasitol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0003-4983</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Ann. trop. med. 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Aged</term><term>Mountain</term><term>Northwest</term><term>Podoconiosis</term><term>Rural Population</term><term>Tropical medicine</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology)</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (isolation & purification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Anopheles (parasitologie)</term><term>Antigènes d'helminthe (sang)</term><term>Cameroun (épidémiologie)</term><term>Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Maladies du pied (parasitologie)</term><term>Maladies du pied (épidémiologie)</term><term>Microfilaria (parasitologie)</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Population rurale</term><term>Test ELISA</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie)</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (isolement et purification)</term><term>Éléphantiasis (parasitologie)</term><term>Éléphantiasis (sang)</term><term>Éléphantiasis (épidémiologie)</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Helminth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cameroon</term><term>Elephantiasis</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Foot Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anopheles</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Maladies du pied</term><term>Microfilaria</term><term>Éléphantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anopheles</term><term>Elephantiasis</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Foot Diseases</term><term>Microfilariae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes d'helminthe</term><term>Éléphantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Maladies du pied</term><term>Éléphantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Animals</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</term><term>Female</term><term>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Rural Population</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé</term><term>Eléphantiasis</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Lymphoedème</term><term>Montagne</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nord ouest</term><term>Cameroun</term><term>Médecine tropicale</term><term>Podoconiose</term><term>Population rurale</term><term>Test ELISA</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Montagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Lymphoedema, a condition of localized fluid retention, results from a compromised lymphatic system. Although one common cause in the tropics is infection with filarial worms, non-filarial lymphoedema, also known as podoconiosis, has been reported among barefoot farmers in volcanic highland zones of Africa, Central and South America and north-western India. There are conflicting reports on the causes of lymphoedema in the highland regions of Cameroon, where the condition is of great public-health importance. To characterise the focus of lymphoedema in the highlands of the North West province of Cameroon and investigate its real causes, a cross-sectional study was carried out on the adults (aged ≥15 years) living in the communities that fall within the Ndop and Tubah health districts. The subjects, who had to have lived in the study area for at least 10 years, were interviewed, examined clinically, and, when possible, checked for microfilaraemia. The cases of lymphoedema confirmed by ultrasonography and a random sample of the other subjects were also tested for filarial antigenaemia. The interviews, which explored knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) relating to lymphoedema, revealed that the condition was well known, with each study community having a local name for it. Of the 834 individuals examined clinically, 66 (8.1%) had lymphoedema of the lower limb, with all the clinical stages of this condition represented. None of the 792 individuals examined parasitologically, however, had microfilariae of W. bancrofti (or any other filarial parasite) in their peripheral blood, and only one (0.25%) of the 399 individuals tested for the circulating antigens of W. bancrofti gave a positive result. In addition, none of the 504 mosquitoes caught landing on human bait in the study area and dissected was found to harbour any stage of W. bancrofti. These findings indicate that the elephantiasis seen in the North West province of Cameroon is of non-filarial origin.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Cameroun</li></country><region><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li></region><settlement><li>Bonn</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wanji, S" sort="Wanji, S" uniqKey="Wanji S" first="S." last="Wanji">S. Wanji</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Che, J N" sort="Che, J N" uniqKey="Che J" first="J. N." last="Che">J. N. Che</name><name sortKey="Che, J N" sort="Che, J N" uniqKey="Che J" first="J. N." last="Che">J. N. Che</name><name sortKey="Enyong, P" sort="Enyong, P" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="P." last="Enyong">P. Enyong</name><name sortKey="Enyong, P" sort="Enyong, P" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="P." last="Enyong">P. Enyong</name><name sortKey="Esum, M" sort="Esum, M" uniqKey="Esum M" first="M." last="Esum">M. Esum</name><name sortKey="Esum, M" sort="Esum, M" uniqKey="Esum M" first="M." last="Esum">M. Esum</name><name sortKey="Tanga Mbi, C" sort="Tanga Mbi, C" uniqKey="Tanga Mbi C" first="C." last="Tanga Mbi">C. Tanga Mbi</name><name sortKey="Tendongfor, N" sort="Tendongfor, N" uniqKey="Tendongfor N" first="N." last="Tendongfor">N. Tendongfor</name><name sortKey="Tendongfor, N" sort="Tendongfor, N" uniqKey="Tendongfor N" first="N." last="Tendongfor">N. Tendongfor</name><name sortKey="Wanji, S" sort="Wanji, S" uniqKey="Wanji S" first="S." last="Wanji">S. Wanji</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Mand, S" sort="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S" first="S." last="Mand">S. Mand</name></region><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" sort="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="A." last="Hoerauf">A. Hoerauf</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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